Docs: Overview of RabbitMq

RabbitMQ is an AMQP-based message broker that Magento 2 uses for asynchronous processing, background tasks, and scalable messaging. It improves performance by offloading heavy processes from the frontend.

What is RabbitMQ?

RabbitMQ is a message queue system that allows Magento to send tasks into queues, where consumers process them asynchronously.

Key Benefits

Improves performance by moving heavy tasks to background
Decouples systems (producers & consumers)
Scalable message handling
Reliable with retries and persistence
Used by many Magento core modules

Where Magento Uses RabbitMQ

1. Asynchronous Orders

Orders can be placed asynchronously to reduce checkout load.

Checkout → Message Queue → Consumer → Order Save

2. Inventory (MSI)

Handles stock reservation updates asynchronously.

3. Email Sending

Transactional emails can be queued for faster processing.

4. Data Export / Import

Large admin operations use queue processing.

5. Cron Offloading

Heavy cron tasks are handled via message queues.

Message Queue Architecture

 Producer → Exchange → Queue → Consumer

Terms

Producer: Magento module publishing messages
Exchange: RabbitMQ router
Queue: Stores messages
Consumer: Magento worker processing messages

RabbitMQ Configuration in env.php


'queue' => [
    'amqp' => [
        'host' => '127.0.0.1',
        'port' => '5672',
        'user' => 'guest',
        'password' => 'guest',
        'virtualhost' => '/'
    ]
]

Enabling Consumers

Start a specific consumer:

bin/magento queue:consumers:start async.operations.all

Start all consumers:

bin/magento queue:consumers:start

Run a consumer in background:

bin/magento queue:consumers:start async.operations.all &

When Should You Use RabbitMQ?

High-traffic stores
Asynchronous checkout needs
Enterprise & Cloud environments
Heavy background operations

Summary

RabbitMQ is essential for Magento 2's asynchronous architecture. It processes heavy tasks in the background, boosts performance, and supports scalable enterprise setups.

RabbitMq